Complete 6 pages APA formatted article: Paper on The Awakening of Civil Society. The paper will provide a reaction to Kubba’s arguments.

Kubba begins by highlighting that Arab countries have shared certain aspects that define their political differences. Over the years, authoritarian governments have governed the Arab countries. None of those governments has given attention to the political liberalization of respected civil and human rights. It is unfortunate that the few Arab countries who vote leaders through a democratic system do not enjoy the fruits of democracy. Many of the authoritarian leaders have often used other strategies in an effort to stay in power. One of the intriguing arguments presented by Kubba is the fact that the dictatorships and authoritarian governments reigning in the Arab countries have registered increased access to public services. Notably, this is true, but an unexpected phenomenon in authoritarian governments. It is true that many of the Arab governments have recognized the salient need for altering the political environment without triggering an internal crisis (Kubba 2000, p. 85). It is strange that dictatorial governments in the Arab world offer people the hope for security, stability, as well as continuity. In other parts of the world, people base such hopes for democracy.

I totally agree with Kubba, who challenges the survival of democracies established in Arab countries after independence. Egypt, Syria, and Iraq, are the only countries that supported democracy for several decades after independence. However, the political crisis that has erupted in those countries in the recent past serves as evidence that democracy did not survive. Kubba is right when he notes that the established democracies by the European democracies did not give room for civil societies. In any case, the concept of civil societies in that era was entirely new.