Need to write a Literary essay based on “Julius Caesar, Act III, Scene ii. by William Shakespeare” by friday 

 

Below are the instructions to how to write it and the conversation it needs to be written on

 

Essay Topic: Which character, Brutus or Antony, presents a superior and more rhetorically 

powerful funeral oration in Act III, Scene ii. of William Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar? 

 

Following the essay structure, write a literary essay on this theme focused topic 

in order to compare, analyze, and evaluate both speeches. Be sure to include introduction, 

body, and concluding paragraphs, a clear thesis statement, three distinct supporting points of 

analysis, and evidence from both the primary  source (Act III, Scene ii. – play and film) and 

secondary source (Aristotle’s Logos, Ethos, and Pathos – handout).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Enter BRUTUS and CASSIUS, and a throng of Citizens

 

CITIZENS

We will be satisfied; let us be satisfied.

 

BRUTUS

Then follow me, and give me audience, friends.

Cassius, go you into the other street,

And part the numbers.

Those that will hear me speak, let ’em stay here;

Those that will follow Cassius, go with him;

And public reasons shall be rendered

Of Caesar’s death.

 

First Citizen

I will hear Brutus speak.

 

Second Citizen

I will hear Cassius; and compare their reasons,

When severally we hear them rendered.

Exit CASSIUS, with some of the Citizens. BRUTUS goes into the pulpit

 

Third Citizen

The noble Brutus is ascended: silence!

 

BRUTUS

Be patient till the last.

Romans, countrymen, and lovers! hear me for my

cause, and be silent, that you may hear: believe me

for mine honour, and have respect to mine honour, that

you may believe: censure me in your wisdom, and

awake your senses, that you may the better judge.

If there be any in this assembly, any dear friend of

Caesar’s, to him I say, that Brutus’ love to Caesar

was no less than his. If then that friend demand

why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer:

–Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved

Rome more. Had you rather Caesar were living and

die all slaves, than that Caesar were dead, to live

all free men? As Caesar loved me, I weep for him;

as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was

valiant, I honour him: but, as he was ambitious, I

slew him. There is tears for his love; joy for his

fortune; honour for his valour; and death for his

ambition. Who is here so base that would be a

bondman? If any, speak; for him have I offended.

Who is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If

any, speak; for him have I offended. Who is here so

vile that will not love his country? If any, speak;

for him have I offended. I pause for a reply.

 

CITIZENS

None, Brutus, none.

 

BRUTUS

Then none have I offended. I have done no more to

Caesar than you shall do to Brutus. The question of

his death is enrolled in the Capitol; his glory not

extenuated, wherein he was worthy, nor his offences

enforced, for which he suffered death.

Enter ANTONY and others, with CAESAR’s body

 

BRUTUS

Here comes his body, mourned by Mark Antony: who, though

he had no hand in his death, shall receive the benefit of his dying,

a place in the commonwealth; as which of you shall not? With this

I depart,–that, as I slew my best lover for the

good of Rome, I have the same dagger for myself,

when it shall please my country to need my death.

 

CITIZENS

Live, Brutus! live, live!

 

First Citizen

Bring him with triumph home unto his house.

 

Second Citizen

Give him a statue with his ancestors.

 

Third Citizen

Let him be Caesar.

 

Fourth Citizen

Caesar’s better parts

Shall be crown’d in Brutus.

 

First Citizen

We’ll bring him to his house

With shouts and clamours.

 

BRUTUS

My countrymen,–

 

Second Citizen

Peace, silence! Brutus speaks.

 

First Citizen

Peace, ho!

 

BRUTUS

Good countrymen, let me depart alone,

And, for my sake, stay here with Antony:

Do grace to Caesar’s corpse, and grace his speech

Tending to Caesar’s glories; which Mark Antony,

By our permission, is allow’d to make.

I do entreat you, not a man depart,

Save I alone, till Antony have spoke.

 

Exit

 

First Citizen

Stay, ho! and let us hear Mark Antony.

 

Third Citizen

Let him go up into the public chair;

We’ll hear him. Noble Antony, go up.

 

ANTONY

For Brutus’ sake, I am beholding to you.

Goes into the pulpit

 

Fourth Citizen

What does he say of Brutus?

 

Third Citizen

He says, for Brutus’ sake,

He finds himself beholding to us all.

 

Fourth Citizen

‘Twere best he speak no harm of Brutus here.

 

 

First Citizen

This Caesar was a tyrant.

 

Third Citizen

Nay, that’s certain:

We are blest that Rome is rid of him.

 

Second Citizen

Peace! let us hear what Antony can say.

 

ANTONY

You gentle Romans,–

 

Citizens

Peace, ho! let us hear him.

 

ANTONY

Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears;

I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him.

The evil that men do lives after them;

The good is oft interred with their bones;

So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus

Hath told you Caesar was ambitious:

If it were so, it was a grievous fault,

And grievously hath Caesar answer’d it.

Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest–

For Brutus is an honourable man;

So are they all, all honourable men–

Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral.

He was my friend, faithful and just to me:

But Brutus says he was ambitious;

And Brutus is an honourable man.

He hath brought many captives home to Rome

Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill:

Did this in Caesar seem ambitious?

When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept:

Ambition should be made of sterner stuff:

Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;

And Brutus is an honourable man.

You all did see that on the Lupercal

I thrice presented him a kingly crown,

Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition?

Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;

And, sure, he is an honourable man.

I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke,

But here I am to speak what I do know.

You all did love him once, not without cause:

What cause withholds you then, to mourn for him?

O judgment! thou art fled to brutish beasts,

And men have lost their reason. Bear with me;

My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar,

And I must pause till it come back to me.

 

First Citizen

Methinks there is much reason in his sayings.

 

Second Citizen

If thou consider rightly of the matter,

Caesar has had great wrong.

 

Third Citizen

Has he, masters?

I fear there will a worse come in his place.

 

Fourth Citizen

Mark’d ye his words? He would not take the crown;

Therefore ’tis certain he was not ambitious.

 

First Citizen

If it be found so, some will dear abide it.

 

Second Citizen

Poor soul! his eyes are red as fire with weeping.

 

Third Citizen

There’s not a nobler man in Rome than Antony.

 

Fourth Citizen

Now mark him, he begins again to speak.

 

ANTONY

But yesterday the word of Caesar might

Have stood against the world; now lies he there.

And none so poor to do him reverence.

O masters, if I were disposed to stir

Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage,

I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong,

Who, you all know, are honourable men:

I will not do them wrong; I rather choose

To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you,

Than I will wrong such honourable men.

But here’s a parchment with the seal of Caesar;

I found it in his closet, ’tis his will:

Let but the commons hear this testament–

Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read–

And they would go and kiss dead Caesar’s wounds

And dip their napkins in his sacred blood,

Yea, beg a hair of him for memory,

And, dying, mention it within their wills,

Bequeathing it as a rich legacy

Unto their issue.

 

Fourth Citizen

We’ll hear the will: read it, Mark Antony.

 

CITIZENS

The will, the will! we will hear Caesar’s will.

 

ANTONY

Have patience, gentle friends, I must not read it;

It is not meet you know how Caesar loved you.

You are not wood, you are not stones, but men;

And, being men, bearing the will of Caesar,

It will inflame you, it will make you mad:

‘Tis good you know not that you are his heirs;

For, if you should, O, what would come of it!

 

Fourth Citizen

Read the will; we’ll hear it, Antony;

You shall read us the will, Caesar’s will.

 

ANTONY

Will you be patient? will you stay awhile?

I have o’ershot myself to tell you of it:

I fear I wrong the honourable men

Whose daggers have stabb’d Caesar; I do fear it.

Fourth Citizen

They were traitors: honourable men!

 

CITIZENS

The will! the testament!

Second Citizen

They were villains, murderers: the will! read the will.

 

ANTONY

You will compel me, then, to read the will?

Then make a ring about the corpse of Caesar,

And let me show you him that made the will.

Shall I descend? and will you give me leave?

 

Citizens

Come down.

 

Second Citizen

Descend.

 

Third Citizen

You shall have leave.

 

ANTONY comes down

 

Fourth Citizen

A ring; stand round.

 

First Citizen

Stand from the hearse, stand from the body.

 

Second Citizen

Room for Antony, most noble Antony.

 

ANTONY

Nay, press not so upon me; stand far off.

 

Citizens

Stand back; room; bear back.

 

ANTONY

If you have tears, prepare to shed them now.

You all do know this mantle: I remember

The first time ever Caesar put it on;

‘Twas on a summer’s evening, in his tent,

That day he overcame the Nervii:

Look, in this place ran Cassius’ dagger through:

See what a rent the envious Casca made:

Through this the well-beloved Brutus stabb’d;

And as he pluck’d his cursed steel away,

Mark how the blood of Caesar follow’d it,

As rushing out of doors, to be resolved

If Brutus so unkindly knock’d, or no;

For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar’s angel:

Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him!

This was the most unkindest cut of all;

For when the noble Caesar saw him stab,

Ingratitude, more strong than traitors’ arms,

Quite vanquish’d him: then burst his mighty heart;

And, in his mantle muffling up his face,

Even at the base of Pompey’s statua,

Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell.

O, what a fall was there, my countrymen!

Then I, and you, and all of us fell down,

Whilst bloody treason flourish’d over us.

O, now you weep; and, I perceive, you feel

The dint of pity: these are gracious drops.

Kind souls, what, weep you when you but behold

Our Caesar’s vesture wounded? Look you here,

Here is himself, marr’d, as you see, with traitors.

 

First Citizen

O piteous spectacle!

 

Second Citizen

O noble Caesar!

 

Third Citizen

O woful day!

 

Fourth Citizen

O traitors, villains!

 

First Citizen

O most bloody sight!

 

Second Citizen

We will be revenged.

 

CITIZENS

Revenge! About! Seek! Burn! Fire! Kill! Slay!

Let not a traitor live!

 

ANTONY

Stay, countrymen.

 

First Citizen

Peace there! hear the noble Antony.

Second Citizen

We’ll hear him, we’ll follow him, we’ll die with him.

 

 

ANTONY

Good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up

To such a sudden flood of mutiny.

They that have done this deed are honourable:

What private griefs they have, alas, I know not,

That made them do it: they are wise and honourable,

And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you.

I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts:

I am no orator, as Brutus is;

But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man,

That love my friend; and that they know full well

That gave me public leave to speak of him:

For I have neither wit, nor words, nor worth,

Action, nor utterance, nor the power of speech,

To stir men’s blood: I only speak right on;

I tell you that which you yourselves do know;

Show you sweet Caesar’s wounds, poor poor dumb mouths,

And bid them speak for me: but were I Brutus,

And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony

Would ruffle up your spirits and put a tongue

In every wound of Caesar that should move

The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny.

 

CITIZENS

We’ll mutiny.

 

First Citizen

We’ll burn the house of Brutus.

 

Third Citizen

Away, then! come, seek the conspirators.

 

ANTONY

Yet hear me, countrymen; yet hear me speak.

 

CITIZENS

Peace, ho! Hear Antony. Most noble Antony!

 

ANTONY

Why, friends, you go to do you know not what:

Wherein hath Caesar thus deserved your loves?

Alas, you know not: I must tell you then:

You have forgot the will I told you of.

 

CITIZENS

Most true. The will! Let’s stay and hear the will.

ANTONY

Here is the will, and under Caesar’s seal.

To every Roman citizen he gives,

To every several man, seventy-five drachmas.

 

Second Citizen

Most noble Caesar! We’ll revenge his death.

 

Third Citizen

O royal Caesar!

 

ANTONY

Hear me with patience.

 

CITIZENS

Peace, ho!

 

ANTONY

Moreover, he hath left you all his walks,

His private arbours and new-planted orchards,

On this side Tiber; he hath left them you,

And to your heirs for ever, common pleasures,

To walk abroad, and recreate yourselves.

Here was a Caesar! when comes such another?

 

First Citizen

Never, never. Come, away, away!

We’ll burn his body in the holy place,

And with the brands fire the traitors’ houses.

Take up the body.

 

Second Citizen

Go fetch fire.

 

Third Citizen

Pluck down benches.

 

Fourth Citizen

Pluck down forms, windows, any thing.

 

Exit Citizens with the body