Part III Using the selected government budget from Parts I and II in the previous units, expand upon your previous works in discussing the following areas: Privatization efforts that have been made a

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Part III

Using the selected government budget from Parts I and II in the previous units, expand upon your previous works in discussing the following areas:

  • Privatization efforts that have been made as well as recommendations for possible privatization efforts or partnerships with private and nonprofit companies/organizations
  • An analysis of financial policy trends towards alternative taxes
  • An analysis of relevant state and federal tax policies (or related legislation) that could affect revenue streams or outlays

Your report should consist of no less than two pages, and all sources utilized should be cited and referenced using APA style.

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Part III Using the selected government budget from Parts I and II in the previous units, expand upon your previous works in discussing the following areas: Privatization efforts that have been made a
MULTI-YEAR BUDGET EVALUATION 6 Multi-year Budget Evaluation George Landry Columbia Southern University Multi-year Budget Evaluation The federal budget is separated into two main points, expenditure and revenue. The section of revenue addresses the funding sources that the local government depends on to cater for its operating expenses (Telvin, 2020). The section of expenditure marks the resources disbursed on goods and services and it is grouped as the facets of need for the municipal government of the city. This paper aims to evaluate the spending plan of San Diego city focusing on its products and services from the fiscal year 2018 to 2020. An assessment of the funding levels of the local government discretionary spending section forecasted the allotted funds, which establish the priorities of San Diego. Government spending ranked the highest for law execution agencies as of 2018, with an aggregate provision of $6,772,300 compared to improvement in infrastructure that was estimated to take $2,578,600 and budgeted $1,362,593 non-departmental expenses. There was a shift in core values in the year 2019 that majored on funding for public safety with not less than 39 million dollars being allotted towards the city’s security. In the same year (2019), the second-biggest operating expenses were recorded with a budget of $35.7 million (Telvin, 2020). The debt services expended approximately $35.5 million and fell in third place as the most funded expenditure. A comparative analysis with 2018 indicates that law execution and public safety agencies generated the biggest volume of spending, with both reflecting proficiency in safety. As for the year 2020, the highest spending for the government was on city employees, which were the top priorities. $11.5 million and $18.3 million were respectively allotted to economic services and benefits in the 2020 proposed budget (Faulconer, 2020). It has been noted that the priorities and objectives of the municipal’s government have taken a new turn every fiscal year, with the regular spending strategy growing considerably in the year 2020 as related to previous periods. External challenges are associated with the expansiveness and hold damaging repercussions. With the covid-19 pandemic, many firms are finding it harder to fund their operations. The outbreak of Covid-19 has considerably affected San Diego’s city collection exertions. Collectively with the failure of the government to promote economic growth that meets San Diego’s spending, there have been hostile effects. This points out the escalating number of local governments attempting external financing and assistance from the state. Economic downturns have also been known to influence the government agencies’ performance to get capital for their goods and services (Faulconer, 2020). The outbreak of poor economic patterns adversely affected by the covid-19 pandemic has delayed the funding the consumer goods, resulting in adjustments in the expenditure by the local governments. There is another extreme challenges, inflation, which has restricted the municipal’s government ability to finance their goods and services. Furthermore, regulatory agencies and external legislation have also been emphasized as impacting the financing of goods and services at San Diego City (Faulconer, 2020). These external policies hold a major impact on the mechanisms convoluted in budgeting and financing, causing a heavy effect by external legislation on the products when the city concludes a goods and services realignment. Allocation of budgetary steadying financial resources is a portion of management regulation programs for the budget. Commonly described as the rainy-day-funds, the local governments underwrite surplus income to the savings account to guarantee stabilization in main moments of a sudden reduction in revenue. Rainy-day funds can further be utilized to fix the budget deficit in case the need arises (Robbins-Meyer, 2020). Other initiatives to stabilize the budget include boosting the internal processes to better the effectiveness of resources. Inadequacy in internal regulations can lead to the inability of the local government to meet its financing needs, which is the major reason behind the optimized internal processes to boost the administration. Additionally, optimizing the hiring process is essential regarding the stabilization of the budget. The process of stabilizing the hiring process should include people in the position to serve the budgetary operations equally and sufficiently. It is also imperative to provide the teams with effective and reliable staff to steer the local government in the right way. In sectors having inadequacy, outsourcing of management services can be encouraged. Essential goods can also be outsourced to guarantee the effectiveness of the budget to realize the city’s aims and goals. Major problems faced by San Diego’s local government have considerably impacted their exertions to address their expenses on goods and services. The proposed budget of 2020 has greatly been affected by the covid-19 pandemic and thus the need to execute safeguards such as reduction in ongoing spending on compensation packages and other frequent costs can be among the recommendations for San Diego. Deceleration of the operating expenses for the fiscal year 2020 can enable the city to concentrate on financing essential services. The move will help to lessen the financing crisis in the local government and counter the decline in revenue (Robbins-Meyer, 2020). A decrease in internal spending and raw materials can further lead to more organized managerial control of the budget. It is worth noting that the financing of products and services of San Diego’s City is an essential part of controlling budgets. To ensure that there is a cutting in the budget for goods and services in San Diego, which happens to consume the highest revenues, the government can introduce budgetary stabilization strategies such as creating a spending stabilization fund. References Faulconer, K. (2020). Adopted Budget Fiscal Year 2020. City of San Diego Official Website. Retrieved June 8, 2021, from https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/fy20ab_v1generalfundrevenues.pdf Robbins-Meyer, H. (2020). San Diego County Budget Portal. Retrieved from https://www.sandiegocounty.gov/openbudget/ Telvin, A. (2020). Office of the independent budget analyst (IBA). City of San Diego Official Website. Retrieved June 8, 2021, from https://www.sandiego.gov/iba
Part III Using the selected government budget from Parts I and II in the previous units, expand upon your previous works in discussing the following areas: Privatization efforts that have been made a
SAN DIEGO’S BUDGET AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 7 San Diego’s Budget and Financial Analysis George Landry Columbia Southern University 05/05/2021 San Diego’s Budget and Financial Analysis A financial budget offers the outline of how a government, organization, or corporation controls its expenses, sales, cash flow, and assets. A financial budget is utilized to paint an image of an organization’s financial health, and it indicates a thorough summary of its income compared to the revenue of operations. This evaluation aims to examine the financial budget of San Diego city for the last three years. San Diego is the United States’ eighth biggest district with an approximated population of 1.5 million people residing in the city as of 2020. Furthermore, San Diego ranks as the second most inhabited city in California after Los Angeles (Telvin, 2020). San Diego City is a metropolitan zone of San Diego-Tijuana and a commercial point for many in the region. The leading financial drivers of San Diego are industrial manufacturing, operations related to military and defense, transport, and foreign trade. The financial budget of San Diego is unveiled between July 1 and covers the whole fiscal year up to June 30. The first step of the municipal budgeting plan is for the committee to participate and pass the budgetary priorities. Following the assembly, phase creates a budget plan is accomplished in collaboration with the mayor, agencies, chief financial officer, and administrative officer. The next step is given to the committee to organize public budget proceedings to ensure that necessary changes are made to the budget. There has been continued growth and development of San Diego’s economy, and the Adopted Budgetary forecasts show that there is an expected increase in income of all the chief sources of revenues; the Franchise Fees, Transient Occupancy Tax (TOT), Sales Tax, and Property Tax 2020 (Faulconer, 2020). The projected budget considers the increasing positive trends in economic growth and the improvement in all the sources of revenue. The following is the budgetary allocations for the fiscal year 2018-2020: General Fund Revenues for the Fiscal Year 2018-2020 Revenue Type FY 2018 FY 2019 FY 2020 Property Tax 535,500,000 560,000,000 601,900,000 Sale Tax 272,900,000 282,100,000 297,900,000 Franchise Fees 80,200,000 78,800,000 82,000,000 Transient Occupancy Tax 121,900,000 128,400,000 136,900,000 San Diego’s budget for the fiscal year 2020 General Revenue Fund was $1.55 billion, reflecting the 7.8% increase rate ($112.27 million) from the financial budget for the fiscal year 2019. It is worth noting that the general fund is made up of significant income revenues for San Diego City: franchise fees, transient occupancy fees, sales taxes, and property taxes. For the year 2020, the proposed budget accounts for 72.2% of San Diego’s General Fund revenues and is expected to increase significantly by 6.6% or $69.4 million from the year 2020 (Faulconer, 2020). There was an improvement in financial trends for the fiscal year 2019. However, it was less than that of previous years. Furthermore, there is an irregularity in inflation, federal laws, and interest rates that can directly affect these aspects in the future. Although there is no fiscal recession in Governor’s budget, the budgetary proposal addresses future and possible recessionary suggestions. The current assumption on the downturn of the administration replicates a more significant slowdown than the economic recession experienced in 2001, though lesser than that experienced in 2009 (Telvin, 2020). A one-year recession between 2019 and 2020 can lead to an approximated loss in revenue of $70 billion and a deficit of approximately $40 billion. In the first, second, and third-year after the recession, the average loss in revenue was estimated to be $25 billion, followed by $15 billion and $20 billion, respectively. There are sound financial policies on taxes, fees, and how residents are charged in San Diego. They aim to certify that all residents in the city pay tax costs and charges. The policies further minimize the number of people seeking to violate the regulations of San Diego. For instance, the city has guaranteed that its financial practices are found ethical through multiple sources of revenue and fees charged to residents (Telvin, 2020). Furthermore, the government constructed additional public recreation centers to avoid overwhelming people with unnecessary tax loads. Moreover, the state has enforced legal limits on specific expenses, allows financial reliefs to its people, and guards them against exploitation by officials. The city’s code of ethics requires leaders to reveal their possible conflicts of interest. This ensures that the associates or officials do not levy unnecessary expenses, taxes, and fines on residents to benefit themselves. The legislation also requires senior officials to report their conflicts of interest to the committee before acting on any bill (Telvin, 2020). San Diego has further created policies that promote the involvement of the public in the execution of ethical standards and financial policies that inspires openness and transparency. Taxable revenues grew from $15 million in 2018 to $18.6 million in 2019. It is an internal change that shows more opportunities come with revenue advancements. Tourists and visitors who traveled in San Diego from 2017 to 2018 increased significantly from 36 million to 42 million visitors in 2020 (Faulconer, 2020). San Diego’s city can adjust tourism prices to improve the city’s revenue and erect more social amenities that need a small fee for using the services. A significant interference to income is entertainment and gaming. The sales on gaming reduced from $9.8 million in 2017 to $9.6 million in 2018, which created a decline in the future revenues for San Diego. References Faulconer, K. (2020). Adopted Budget Fiscal Year 2020. City of San Diego Official Website. Retrieved June 5, 2021, from https://www.sandiego.gov/sites/default/files/fy20ab_v1generalfundrevenues.pdf Telvin, A. (2020). Office of the independent budget analyst (IBA). City of San Diego Official Website. Retrieved June 5, 2021, from https://www.sandiego.gov/iba
Part III Using the selected government budget from Parts I and II in the previous units, expand upon your previous works in discussing the following areas: Privatization efforts that have been made a
6/21/2021 Originality Report https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5f85d6ea5857f/originalityReport/ultra?attemptId=592e9d32-22eb-49e5-b31f-1ec13391a9bd& … 1/5 % 45 %4 %2 SafeAssign Originality Report CSU SafeAssign Plagiarism Check Tool •SafeAssign Originality Report Generator IV % 51 Total Score : High risk George Landry Submission UUID : 519fb97d-0de8-5379-81ae-082e7fc6886e Total Number of Reports 1 Highest Match 51 % Part III-San Diego Financial Analysis.edite … Average Match 51 % Submitted on 06/21/21 07:24 AM EDT Average Word Count 1,041 Highest : Part III-San Diego Financial Analy … % 51 Attachment  1 Institutional database  (5) Student paper Student paper Student paper Student paper Student paper Scholarly journals & publications  (1) ProQuest document Global database  (1) Student paper Top sources  (3) Excluded sources  (0) View Originality Report – Old Design Word Count : 1,041 Part III-San Diego Financial Analysis.edited.docx 3 4 7 2 1 6 5 3 Student paper 4 Student paper 7 Student paper PART III-SAN DIEGO FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 5 Part III-San Diego Financial Analysis George Landry Columbia Southern University Part III-San Diego Financial Analysis A government makes budgetary controls to curb revenue losses, reduce unnecessary expenditure and augment efficiency in utiliz- ing the prevailing revenue reserves. The local government of San Diego can implement different measures in their budgetary loophole to promote satisfactory finan- cial controls through privatization or looking for probable prospects for privatization to minimize its operational costs and enhance the efficiency of management (Ef- fendi, 2017). It is recommended for governments to look for alternative avenues for taxation to diversify revenue sources while still keeping an eye on the effects of local policies on taxation. The move can facilitate mainstreaming in revenue collection and reduce the chances of bankruptcy. Privatization and Partnership In recent years, there have been some challenges in San Diego linked to privatization because of bureaucratic approaches adopted to solve economic downturns in the municipality. City Hall is one of San Diego’s most common privatization, which would have seen the city saving around $80-$200 million years due to reduced costs of labor and enhanced outsourcing policies (Bislev, 2020). Such significant savings can be directed to achieve the city’s developmental plans and decrease the tax liability on citizens and improve service delivery. Furthermore, privatizing the Escondido library would save San Diego city $400,000 every year with better management and outsourcing (The City of San Diego, 2021). The only thing preventing such moves is stiff resistance from different city groups that have even filed lawsuits. Partnering with Statewide Energy Efficiency Collaborative (SEEC) has made San Diego achieve acceptable policies on energy. Energy efficiency has been im- proved through demand response and conversation plans, energy education, and community outreach programs. An estimate of 7,148,230kWh has been saved, equal to $74,000 annually for San Diego’s lighting cost (Bislev, 2020). The city has also partnered with San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) to offer rebates for customers to buy high-quality and efficient clothes washers. Furthermore, through the Community Action Partnership (CAP), the authorities of San Diego have ad- vocated for the economic empowerment of marginalized communities and residents to realize its vision of “Live Well San Diego” (The City of San Diego, 2021). 1 2 3 3 3 4 6/21/2021 Originality Report https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5f85d6ea5857f/originalityReport/ultra?attemptId=592e9d32-22eb-49e5-b31f-1ec13391a9bd& … 2/5 Source Matches  (21) Student paper 65 % Student paper 100 % Student paper 63 % Analysis of Trends in Financial Policy towards Alternative Taxes San Diego has various alternative sources of revenue, including business taxations beverages, gambling taxes, and excise imposed on alcohol. The excise tax on gambling totals 25% of total gambling and winning totals for San Diego and the whole of California (Schroyer, 2019). Taxpayers have to indicate the total amount, without deducting losses, of their winnings from gambling earnings for the year as revenue on their 1040 return. There have been policies that have affected with- holding taxes for gamblers to promote effectiveness and efficiency in the betting sector. Taxes on businesses depend on the location. For example, according to the 2018 income reform, individuals in San Diego central business district had to pay a minimum of $52 for business applications, while those in the outskirts had to pay $35. The same policy also proposed that businesses with less than 12 workers had to pay a yearly fee of $34 for the Business Tax Certificate. In comparison, those with a limit of 13 workers had to pay an annual fee of $135 for the same certificate and an extra of $5 for every additional worker (Schroyer, 2019). Every busi- ness located in the City limits of San Diego is also supposed to pay a one-time fee of $17 following initial registration for Zoning Use Clearance (ZUC). As of 2018, ex- cise taxation on drugs such as marijuana was doubled from 5 percent to 10 percent through the Proposition 64 Bill. The move was meant to discourage local usage and increase sales revenue from drugs. However, there is enough evidence showing that such policies have ended up causing disruptions in markets, limiting income, and raising the cost of products to consumers (Schroyer, 2019). An Analysis of Relevant Federal and State Tax Policies The current trade wars between the US and China have significantly affected the seafood trade as 25% of taxes have been imposed. The policy could potentially raise revenues gathered through business taxes, but it risks limiting the growth of such markets and compromising the government’s income in the future (Srikrishnan, 2021). The exact impacts are also probable to occur in the marijuana and pot business, which can scare away investors in San Diego and the whole of California. Federally recognized tribes have been allowed to run casinos by the federal government under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act. Sixty-one different tribes ran 63 casinos, and they generated approximately $8 billion in revenue annually in 2019 (Srikrishnan, 2021). 3 3 3 3 3 Raising millionaires’ and personal income tax rates will enable states to minimize or avert the destructive budget cuts or invest in more ambitious initiatives such as early childhood education, boosting access to higher education, developing infrastructure, and boosting “rainy-day” funds. Such moves will ensure that San Diego city prepares for future recessions and offers long-term economic and socio benefits to all residents. Cities should also partner with different organizations to ensure their dwellers get access to different resources at a lesser fee, improving their living standards. References Bislev, S. (2020). Privatization of Security as Governance Problem: Gated Communities in the San Diego Region. Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 29(5), 599-618. https://doi.org/10.1177/030437540402900507 Effendi, R. (2017). Influence on Local Government Performance: Budget Participatory, Budget Control and Organizational Structure Working Procedures of Dys- functional Behavior. EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL, XX(Issue 3A), 580-593. https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/730 Schroyer, J. (2019). California distributors warn ‘double taxation’ by cities could further strain the legal marijuana industry. Retrieved 16 June 2021, from https://mjbizdaily.com/california-distributors-warn-double-taxation-cities-strain legal marijuana-industry/ Srikrishnan, M. (2021). The City Budget, Explained. Voice of San Diego. Retrieved 16 June 2021, from https://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/government/the-city-budget- explained/. The City of San Diego. (2021). About Corporate Partnerships and Development | Corporate Partnerships and Development | City of San Diego Official Website. Sandiego.gov. Retrieved 16 June 2021, from https://www.sandiego.gov/corporatepartnership/about. 3 5 6 5 3 7 4 7 7 4 1 Student paper PART III-SAN DIEGO FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 5 Original source ANALYSIS OF SAN DIEGO FINANCIAL POLICIES 2 Student paper Columbia Southern University Original source Columbia Southern University 3 Student paper In recent years, there have been some challenges in San Diego linked to privatization be- cause of bureaucratic approaches adopted to solve economic downturns in the municipality. Original source Privatizations in San Diego has been an up task in recent years due to bureaucratic ap- proaches that have been adopted in solving economic distress in the municipality 6/21/2021 Originality Report https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5f85d6ea5857f/originalityReport/ultra?attemptId=592e9d32-22eb-49e5-b31f-1ec13391a9bd& … 3/5 Student paper 63 % Student paper 68 % Student paper 98 % Student paper 68 % Student paper 70 % Student paper 76 % Student paper 70 % Student paper 75 % 3 Student paper Furthermore, privatizing the Escondido library would save San Diego city $400,000 every year with better management and outsourcing (The City of San Diego, 2021). Original source City officials have estimated that privatizing the library will save the city $400,000 annually with better outsourcing and management 3 Student paper The city has also partnered with San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) to offer re- bates for customers to buy high-quality and efficient clothes washers. Furthermore, through the Community Action Partnership (CAP), the authorities of San Diego have ad- vocated for the economic empowerment of marginalized communities and residents to realize its vision of “Live Well San Diego” (The City of San Diego, 2021). Original source Equally, the local government has partnered with San Diego County Water Authority (SD- CWA) to provides rebates for customers to purchase qualified high-efficiency clothes washers in fights of tax burdens Through the Community Action Partnership (CAP), the San Diego authorities also advocate for hat empowering of economically disadvantaged communities and the residents to achieve the vision of Live Well San Diego 4 Student paper Analysis of Trends in Financial Policy towards Alternative Taxes Original source Analysis of financial Policy trends towards alternative taxes 3 Student paper San Diego has various alternative sources of revenue, including business taxations bever- ages, gambling taxes, and excise imposed on alcohol. The excise tax on gambling totals 25% of total gambling and winning totals for San Diego and the whole of California (Schroyer, 2019). Taxpayers have to indicate the total amount, without deducting losses, of their winnings from gambling earnings for the year as revenue on their 1040 return. Original source The common alternative source of revenue for San Diego local government include Excise on alcohol, beverages, drug use, gambling taxes, and business taxations Excise on gambling in San Diego and the entire state of California amount to 25% of total gambling and winning amounts Taxpayers must report the full amount (without subtracting the loses) of their gambling winnings for the year as income on their 1040 return 3 Student paper For example, according to the 2018 income reform, individuals in San Diego central busi- ness district had to pay a minimum of $52 for business applications, while those in the outskirts had to pay $35. Original source For instance, according to 2018 revenue reform, business application cost for those loc- ated in San Diego central business district was capped at a minimum of $52 while that within outskirts was capped to $35 3 Student paper Every business located in the City limits of San Diego is also supposed to pay a one-time fee of $17 following initial registration for Zoning Use Clearance (ZUC). As of 2018, excise taxation on drugs such as marijuana was doubled from 5 percent to 10 percent through the Proposition 64 Bill. Original source All businesses located in the City limits of San Diego will be charged a one-time $17 fee for Zoning Use Clearance (ZUC) upon initial application Excise taxation on a drug such as marijuana has been doubled from 5% to 10% in 2018, through Proposition 64 bill of Janu- ary 2018 3 Student paper An Analysis of Relevant Federal and State Tax Policies Original source An analysis of State and Federal tax policies affecting revenue Mainstreams 3 Student paper Federally recognized tribes have been allowed to run casinos by the federal government under the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act. Original source The federal government has allowed the federally recognized tribe to operate casinos un- der the federal Indian Gaming Regulatory Act 6/21/2021 Originality Report https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5f85d6ea5857f/originalityReport/ultra?attemptId=592e9d32-22eb-49e5-b31f-1ec13391a9bd& … 4/5 Student paper 63 % Student paper 82 % ProQuest document 89 % Student paper 79 % Student paper 100 % Student paper 85 % Student paper 83 % Student paper 100 % 3 Student paper and personal income tax rates will enable states to minimize or avert the destructive budget cuts or invest in more ambitious initiatives such as early childhood education, boosting access to higher education, developing infrastructure, and boosting “rainy-day” Original source Raising personal income and millionaires tax rates will allow states to prevent or minim- ize harmful budget cuts or invest in ambitious new initiatives such as expanding early education, boosting access to college, improving infrastructure, and strengthening “rainy day” funds to prepare for the next recession and serves as providing long-term social and economic benefits of its citizens (Tharpe, 2019) 5 Student paper https://doi.org/10.1177/030437540402900507 Original source https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242615594215 6 Student paper Influence on Local Government Performance: Budget Participatory, Budget Control and Organizational Structure Working Procedures of Dysfunctional Behavior. EUROPEAN RE- SEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL, XX(Issue 3A), 580-593. Original source Influence on local government performance Budget participatory, budget control and or- ganizational structure working procedures of dysfunctional behavior European Research Studies Journal, 20(3), 580-593 5 Student paper https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/730 Original source https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/730 Fernández, J., & Camacho, J 3 Student paper California distributors warn ‘double taxation’ by cities could further strain the legal marijuana industry. Original source California distributors warn ‘double taxation’ by cities could further strain the legal marijuana industry 7 Student paper Retrieved 16 June 2021, from https://mjbizdaily.com/california-distributors-warn-double- taxation-cities-strain legal marijuana-industry/ Srikrishnan, M. Original source Retrieved February 03, 2021, from https://mjbizdaily.com/california-distributors-warn- double-taxation-cities-strain-legal-marijuana-industry/ 4 Student paper Voice of San Diego. Retrieved 16 June 2021, from https://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/government/the-city-budget- explained/. Original source Voice of San Diego Retrieved 19 June 2021, from https://www.voiceofsandiego.org/topics/government/for-san-diego-the-road-to- privatiza- tion-gets-bureaucratic/ 7 Student paper The City of San Diego. Original source The City of San Diego 6/21/2021 Originality Report https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5f85d6ea5857f/originalityReport/ultra?attemptId=592e9d32-22eb-49e5-b31f-1ec13391a9bd& … 5/5 Student paper 63 % Student paper 72 % 7 Student paper About Corporate Partnerships and Development | Corporate Partnerships and Develop- ment | City of San Diego Official Website. Original source Population and Economic Development – City of San Diego Official Website 4 Student paper Retrieved 16 June 2021, from https://www.sandiego.gov/corporatepartnership/about. Original source Retrieved 19 June 2021, from https://www.sandiego.gov/finance/annual

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