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QUESTION 1 In demographic transition theory, a. Traditional society is characterized by low birth rates b. Traditional society is characterized by low death rates c. Declining birth rates follow declining death rates d. All of the above 4 points    QUESTION 2 The Green Revolution was a. the label given to the attempt by environmentalists to take over the European Union b. an international agricultural development program c. the awakening of environmental consciousness among scholars during the 1980s. d. intended to promote the adoption of low carbon technologies 4 points    QUESTION 3 The measure of the number of infants per 1,000 individuals that do not live past the first year of life is known as the a. crude death rate. b. infant mortality rate. c. child mortality rate. d. total fertility rate. 4 points    QUESTION 4 Which of the following have been identified as contributing to the environmental degradation of the planet? a. Increase in population b. Growing income inequality c. Globalization d. All of the above 4 points    QUESTION 5 In comparing Malthus’s theory to neo-Malthusian theory, a principal difference is that a. Food production has been much lower than Malthus envisioned. b. Malthus’s theory predicted much higher food production than has actually occurred. c. actual population growth has been much lower than Malthus predicted. d. Malthus’s theory did not account for the environmental damage of global industry. 4 points    QUESTION 6 Acording to Malthus, poverty results from a. overpopulation b. the uneven disribution of wealth c. the needs of capitalsim for a reserved labor force d. both a & c are correct 4 points    QUESTION 7 According to Marxist theory, poverty results from a. overpopulation b. the uneven distrbution of wealth c. the needs of capitalism for a cheap reserve labor force d. Both answers b and c are correct 4 points    QUESTION 8 Horticulturalism is on the wane due to a. land development practices b. the land-use practices of extensive gardening c. imbalances in the economies of scale d. all of the above 4 points    QUESTION 9 This subsistence strategy entails intensive cultivation using inputs such as irrigation, fertilizers, insecticides, pesticides and so forth a. Foraging b. Nomadic Pastoralism c. Agriculture d. Horticulture 4 points    QUESTION 10 What type of subsistence strategy is based on extensive mixed-crop gardening without benefit of purposeful cultivation or controlled irrigation? a. Foraging b. Agriculture c. Horticulture d. Pastoralism 4 points    QUESTION 11 The overall health of contemporary agricultural communities might suffer when  a. there is an overreliance on cultivated crops b. there is a shift to monocrop cultivation c. there is an adoption of cash cropping d. both B and C are correct 4 points    QUESTION 12 Items are distributed among members of foraging societies through the practice of   a. excahnge b. barter c. generalized reciprocity d. Free market rade 4 points    QUESTION 13 Which group receives the majority of direct federal assistance (e.g, SNAP [Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program], Section 8 Housing Vouchers, Head Start,and so forth)? a. Latinx (Hispanic) b. African American c. Non-Latino White d. Asian 4 points    QUESTION 14 Runoff from farms might be characterized as this form of pollution. a. Point-source pollution b. Non-point source pollution c. Trans-boundary pollution d. All of the above are possible 4 points    QUESTION 15 This process leads to ethnocide a. Assimilation b. Ethnogenesis c. Pluralism d. Multiculturalism 4 points    QUESTION 16 Asserting that one’s identity and behavior is determined by one’s genes is an extreme form of this perspective. a. Essentialism b. Constructivism c. Marxism d. Functionalism 4 points    QUESTION 17 Degrowth entails a. Population loss b. Reducing the importance of GDP c. Eliminating factories d. Promotion of fair trade practices 4 points    QUESTION 18 This economic practice revolves arond the mangement of livestock a. Pastoralism b. Nomadic pastoralism c. Pastoral transhumance d. All of the above 4 points    QUESTION 19 Laws that take away the right to vote are considered a violation of  a. Human rights b. Civil rights c. Cultural rights d. Intellectual property rights 4 points    QUESTION 20 The Chicago School of Urban Sociology identified this as a cause of “failed assimilaiton” Immigrants who sought to become full and accepted members of Chicago urban society. Immigrants who continued their social association with their own ethno-racial community Immigrants who were impoverished Immigrants who sought redress of civil rights infringements through the legal system 4 points    QUESTION 21 The eugenic policies adopted by state departments of mental hygiene during he 1920s would be considered a violation of   a. civil rights b. cultural rights c. human rights d. intellectual property rights 4 points    QUESTION 22 The boarding school movement is best considered an act of  a. Democide b. Ethnocide c. Genocide d. Fraticide 4 points    QUESTION 23 Many species of plants and animals have either going extinct or are on the precipice of extinction due to a. Habitat loss b. Global warming c. human activities d. All of the above 4 points    QUESTION 24 Of the following, which is least recognized as a major environmental threat a. Gloabl warming b. Marine solid pollutions c. Nuclear waste d. Global humidifcation 4 points    QUESTION 25 Small-scale farmers have difficulty competing with agrobusiness enterprises. A principal contributing factor to this is a. differences in economies of scale b. the need of smaall-scale farmers to diversity their crops c. restricted access to credit  d. al of the above