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1- In the provision of aid by various humanitarian agencies, there exist matters that are vital and quite significance but have not yet been fully developed but are likely to have an impact in the future. These are the emerging issues. In the following context, one of the emerging issues is field operations. There is a need to improve the activities that are usually carried out in the field while offering humanitarian aid and also the need to quickly address issues such as disasters as they arise. This issue can be addressed in various ways; one of the ways is by involving the people who are receiving the aid. By incorporating the recipients of the aid it helps to improve the operations (VanRooyen et al., 2001).

The other emerging issue is the need to improve on human resources. In order to have an effective process of providing humanitarian aid, there is a need to have a well-experienced team to deal with issues and needs that arise when a disaster occurs. One way that this need is addressed is through the training of the workers and equipping them with professional skills that they may need in the field. The Red Cross has tried to achieve this through the training of individuals in order to equip them with the necessary skills. Another way is through improving the extent to which the managers in the field deliver in terms of dealing with prevalent issues (VanRooyen et al., 2001). Success in the field is mostly determined by the manager of the organization in action. The managers should be trained and also provided with the necessary resources. In addition, they should also be subjected to appraisal.

Another emerging issue is the need to come up with an organizational policy. There is a need to come up with a well-planned framework and policy to be implemented on the people that are given humanitarian aid. Besides offering help, there is a need to have a well-sustained solution and plan that address issues that may affect people. One way in which this issue addressed is by focusing on the prevention of the disaster rather than waiting until a disaster occurs in order to offer help (VanRooyen et al., 2001). This requires resources and expertise which is used in forecasting and identifying an event that may arise and pose a threat to human beings before it happens. It calls for preparedness in terms of threats that may arise and setting up measures to deal with the issue.

2- The 1998 to 2003 conflict affected thousands of families are resulted in human situation deterioration. Many people were killed, traumatized, and wounded, with entire villages going up in flames and fields of crop destroyed. A massive population displacement followed, and people suffered from critical food shortage since they were unable to continue with their traditional means of subsistence (Ahmed, 2017). Starvation, lack of security, resource shortage, and passable roads are some of the issues that were characterized by the war.

Field operations were handled by having the local populations take part in the process. This increased the amount of human labor available, and, consequently, the reach of the humanitarian organizations (VanRooyen et al., 2001). Human resources was also addressed by enhancing training of the humanitarian workers. This, in return, improved their effectiveness and ability to serve their population. As such, the two efforts improved human resource availability and field operations.

Organization policy also came to play in post-crisis reconstruction of DRCs’ health services. this is due to the fact that health infrastructure in the area was in disarray and some of the health professionals had fled to other countries (Kingsley, 2017). The supply of health services in the first few months following the conflict enabled the country to get its systems together and restore health service provision.