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1 | P a g e DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC S: PROBLEMS AND POLIC IES (ECON 3394) (Winter 2022) MIDTERM TEST You are required to answer six (6) questions , three (3) from Section 1 and three (3) from Section 2. The materia ls you will need for this test are in your textbook, the additional reading ( Cypher , Chapter 7) and the lecture PowerPoints. Referencing is unnecessary if you are using these sources . You are allowed to use additional material , if you so choose , to present examples or to reinforce arguments . However, in that case, the additional sources must be reference using the APA style guide uploaded . You should also make sure that any additional material is consistent with the cou rse material. If it is not, your grade may be compromised. Remember to put your name and student number on your up loaded submission , and number the pages. SECTION 1: [45 marks] For three (3) of the following pairs of terms or concepts , define each term /concept then indicate how they relate to each other and/ or how they both relate to specific challenge s in economic development . (i) Dirigisme and the rent -seeking society ; (ii) The Washington consensus and the minimalist state ; (iii) Urban gi antism and the differentiated plane approach ; (iv) Subsistence farming and sharecropping ; (v) Common property rights and resource exploitation . SECTION 2: Answer any three (3) questions [60 marks] 1) Answer either (a) or (b) below but not both. (a) What were the main contributions of Peter Bauer and Anne Krueger to the neoliberal theory of the state and how did th e experience of Nigeria, South Korea and Mexico relate to that theory. (b) Compare and contrast the views of cor ruption and its relationship to economic development presented in Cypher (Chapter 7) and in your textbook. 2) Describe the ma in objectives and elements in the practice of development planning and then explain why a developmental state is likely to be more suc cessful in the implementation of a development plan than a fragmented intermediate state or a predatory state. 3) Use the Harris -Todaro model of migration to explain why the rate of rural -urban migration can be expected to be hig her in Sub -Saharan Africa n than in Central Asia if the urban formal sectors in these regions were of similar size . 4) Sharecropping has been shown to be a less efficient form of land tenure ( for agricultural production ) than land rental and land ownership , yet it persists. Explain why sharecropp ing is inefficient and outline two possible reasons for its persistence. 5) Explain why the following topics raise important concerns in relation to sustainable economic development. (a) Poverty; (b) Property rights; (c) Market failures.